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As a child he was frail, often suffering from ill health, but excelled academically.

: 332 His father, Lucjan Malinowski, was a professor of Slavic philology at the Jagiellonian University, and his mother was the daughter of a landowning family. Malinowski, scion of Polish szlachta (nobility), : 1013 was born on 7 April 1884 in Kraków, in the Austrian partition of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth-then part of the Austro-Hungarian province known as the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. Radcliffe-Brown's structural functionalism, which emphasised ways in which social institutions function in relation to society as a whole. His approach to social theory was a form of psychological functionalism that emphasised how social and cultural institutions serve basic human needs-a perspective opposed to A. He was also widely regarded as an eminent fieldworker, and his texts regarding anthropological field methods were foundational to early anthropology, popularizing the concept of participatory observation.

Malinowski's ethnography of the Trobriand Islands described the complex institution of the Kula ring and became foundational for subsequent theories of reciprocity and exchange. It has since been a source of controversy, because of its ethnocentric and egocentric nature. In 1967 his widow, Valetta Swann, published his personal diary kept during his fieldwork in Melanesia and New Guinea. He died in 1942 and was interred in the United States.

Over the years, he guest-lectured at several American universities when World War II broke out, he remained in the United States, taking an appointment at Yale University. He took posts as a lecturer and later as chair in anthropology at the LSE, attracting large numbers of students and exerting great influence on the development of British social anthropology. Returning to England after World War I, he published his principal work, Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922), which established him as one of Europe's most important anthropologists. He conducted research in the Trobriand Islands and other regions in New Guinea and Melanesia where he stayed for several years, studying indigenous cultures. In 1910, at the London School of Economics (LSE), he studied exchange and economics, analysing Aboriginal Australia through ethnographic documents. Malinowski was born in what was part of the Austrian partition of Poland, and completed his initial studies at Jagiellonian University in his birth city of Kraków. Bronisław Kasper Malinowski ( Polish: 7 April 1884 – ) was a Polish-British anthropologist and ethnologist whose writings on ethnography, social theory, and field research have exerted a lasting influence on the discipline of anthropology.